Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)

The rice weevil is a major threat to stored grains in Sri Lanka. This destructive pest can devastate rice supplies and cause significant economic losses.

Identification

  • Life cycle: Complete metamorphosis with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The entire life cycle can take as little as a month under ideal conditions, leading to rapid population growth.
  • Activity patterns: Primarily active at night, but can be active during the day if disturbed.

Behaviour

  • Physical description: Small, reddish-brown beetle (1/8 inch long) with a characteristic elongated snout. They have six bumps on their wing covers (unlike the similar granary weevil).
  • Habitat: Primarily found in stored rice, wheat, barley, corn, and other grains. They prefer warm, dry environments.
  • Feeding habits: Adults and larvae feed on the internal starchy endosperm of grains, leaving behind hollowed-out shells.

Signs of Infestation

  • Visual signs: Presence of adult weevils in stored grains. Look for small, round holes in grains and frass (insect droppings) resembling fine dust. Heavily infested grains may appear hollowed out.
  • Behavioral signs: Musty odor from infested grains and increased flying activity around stored products.

Control Methods

Fumigation is a highly effective method for eliminating rice weevil infestations, especially in large storage facilities. Here’s how it works:

  • Process: A licensed pest control professional will use a fumigant gas, like phosphine, to penetrate sealed storage areas and kill all life stages of the weevil.
  • Benefits: Fumigation ensures complete eradication from infested products and surrounding areas. It’s ideal for penetrating packaging and reaching hidden weevils.

Additional Control Methods

Additional Control Methods:

  • Preventative measures: Recommend proper sanitation of storage areas, using airtight containers for grains, and regular inspection for signs of infestation.
  • Non-chemical control: For smaller infestations, consider using diatomaceous earth dust or airtight storage containers with beneficial nematodes to kill weevils.